See Old Dutch in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
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"ref": "1989, Hans Frede Nielsen, The Germanic Languages: Origins and Early Dialectal Interrelations, The University of Alabama Press, page 2f:",
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"ref": "1998, Hans Frede Nielsen, The Continental Backgrounds of English and its Insular Development until 1154, Odense University Press, page 43:",
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"A branch of Old Low Franconian, with a Frisian substrate, spoken and written during the Middle Ages (c. 9th to 12th century) in the Netherlands and the northern part of present-day Belgium, as well as in areas of northern France along the North Sea coast and adjoining Belgium. This language represents the first attested stage of the Dutch language and its dialects, being succeeded by Middle Dutch in the later Middle Ages."
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"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "language",
"word": "古荷蘭語"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "Gǔhélányǔ",
"sense": "language",
"word": "古荷兰语"
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"masculine"
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"word": "neerlandés antigo"
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"neuter"
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"word": "holandês antigo"
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"word": "neerlandés antigo"
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"word": "fornnederländska"
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Download raw JSONL data for Old Dutch meaning in English (3.2kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-21 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (d8cb2f3 and 4e554ae). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.